Search
Filter Results
- Resource Type
- Article1,546
- Article Type
- Review1,546
- Systematic Review81
- Clinical Trial3
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't380
- Result From
- PubMed1,546
-
Year
- Journal Title
- Adv Exp Med Biol30
- DNA Repair (Amst)24
- Semin Cell Dev Biol18
- Surg Clin North Am14
Search Results
Sort by
- ArticleTenny SO, Ehlers LD, Robbins JW, Gillis CC.World Neurosurg. 2017 Dec;108:993.e1-993.e7.BACKGROUND: Chordomas arise from remnants of the notochord and occur throughout the neuroaxis. En bloc resection of chordomas can prove especially challenging in the upper cervical spine secondary to the unique structural anatomy and intimate relationship to the vertebral arteries and spinal cord.
CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe the resection of a C2-C3 chordoma in a 55-year-old woman in 2-stage fashion with preservation of the vertebral arteries. First, a posterior instrumented fusion and removal of the posterior elements was performed, followed by an anterior transmandibular en bloc resection with cage reconstruction with kick-plate support achievable with off-the-shelf products.
CONCLUSIONS: Chordomas in the upper cervical spine pose a surgical challenge but are amenable to en bloc resection. With careful planning and intraoperative adaptability, the surgeon can achieve a suitable reconstruction with off-the-shelf products. - ArticleDegli Esposti M.Autophagy. 2024 May;20(5):985-993.Mitophagy is the process of selective autophagy that removes superfluous and dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy was first characterized in mammalian cells and is now recognized to follow several pathways including basal forms in specific organs. Mitophagy pathways are regulated by multiple, often interconnected factors. The present review aims to streamline this complexity and evaluate common elements that may define the evolutionary origin of mitophagy. Key issues surrounding mitophagy signaling at the mitochondrial surface may fundamentally derive from mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Elements of such membrane dynamics likely originated during the endosymbiosis of the alphaproteobacterial ancestor of our mitochondria but underwent an evolutionary leap forward in basal metazoa that determined the currently known variations in mitophagy signaling.Abbreviations: AGPAT, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; ATG, autophagy related; BCL2L13, BCL2 like 13; BNIP3, BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L, BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CALCOCO, calcium binding and coiled-coil domain; CL, cardiolipin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERMES, ER-mitochondria encounter structure; FBXL4, F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 4; FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1; GABARAPL1, GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; HIF, hypoxia inducible factor; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; LBPA/BMP, lysobisphosphatidic acid; LIR, LC3-interacting region; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; MAM, mitochondria-associated membranes; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCL, monolysocardiolipin; ML, maximum likelihood; NBR1, NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; PA, phosphatidic acid; PACS2, phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2; PC/PLC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PHB2, prohibitin 2; PINK1, PTEN induced kinase 1; PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; SAR, Stramenopiles, Apicomplexa and Rhizaria; TAX1BP1, Tax1 binding protein 1; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VDAC/porin, voltage dependent anion channel.
- ArticleIshii H, Kaneko S, Yanai K, Aomatsu A, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y.Front Genet. 2020;11:993.Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Podocyte injury contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, the molecules that regulate podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy have not been fully clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can inhibit the translation of target messenger RNAs. Previous reports have described alteration of the expression levels of many miRNAs in cultured podocyte cells stimulated with a high glucose concentration and podocytes in rodent models of diabetic nephropathy. The associations between podocyte injury and miRNA expression levels in blood, urine, and kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy have also been reported. Moreover, modulation of the expression of several miRNAs has been shown to have protective effects against podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy in cultured podocyte cells in vitro and in rodent models of diabetic nephropathy in vivo. Therefore, this review focuses on miRNAs in podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy, with regard to their potential as biomarkers and miRNA modulation as a therapeutic option.
- ArticleMassmann A, Heukelom JV, Larson C, Starks RD.Pharmacogenomics. 2022 12;23(18):987-993.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing is commonly utilized to predict a patient's response to medications based on the presence of genetic variants. However, certain conditions have been associated with potentially inaccurate PGx results. The majority of medications are predominantly metabolized in the liver; therefore, in the case of liver transplantation, PGx results may be misinterpreted in the context of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Other instances of ambiguous PGx results have been reported in the literature in conditions such as allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplant, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute or chronic myeloid leukemia and blood transfusion. In order to prevent potential inaccuracies in PGx testing, Sanford Imagenetics developed an active, interruptive alert to inform providers of the potential for inaccurate PGx results.
- ArticleSteinberg PL, Chang SL.Drugs. 2016 Jul;76(10):993-7.Pain from renal colic is often severe and incapacitating. Many patients require emergent hospitalization and aggressive analgesia to relieve such discomfort. For many years, the optimal analgesic strategy has been sought to manage such severe pain. One of the mainstays of therapy for acute renal colic is with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This paper reviews the mechanism by which NSAIDs allow pain relief in renal colic, the evidence for their use in this condition, and the use of NSAIDs combined with other agents in renal colic.
- ArticleLezhnina A, Lem V, Blatt N.Bionanoscience. 2022;12(3):979-993.Spread of a novel coronavirus infection in 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a real threat to public health all around the world. The new pandemic required the mobilization of all resources for effective treatment of COVID-19 patients. Extracorporeal apheresis methods were suggested as an addition to the therapy of severe COVID-19 patients, especially when there is a threat of cytokine storm. Cytokine storm has a complex and not fully understood mechanism, and it can result in the multiple organ failure syndrome, associated with high mortality. The main cytokines that play the key role in the cytokine storm are IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Removal of the target pro-inflammatory cytokines from the bloodstream can be beneficial in reducing the risk of complications as well as the mortality rate. We describe and compare different methods of extracorporeal apheresis: hemoadsorption, selective plasma filtration, and plasma exchange therapy in the context of their potential use in COVID-19 treatment.
- ArticleStoll J, Müller JA, Trachsel M.Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:993.BACKGROUND: The provision of psychotherapy over distance using technology is a growing market reaching many patients and therefore the risks and benefits need to be known by all psychotherapists whether they themselves practice online or not. This comprehensive review of the main ethical arguments for and against different forms of online psychotherapy aims to enhance discussion of ethical issues in this growing area.
METHODS: A search of three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) was conducted in August 2019 using a specific search protocol yielding 249 publications.
RESULTS: Of 24 ethical arguments in favor of online psychotherapy and 32 against, the top five ethical arguments in favor of online psychotherapy were (1) increased access to psychotherapy and service availability and flexibility; (2) therapy benefits and enhanced communication; (3) advantages related to specific client characteristics (e.g. remote location); (4) convenience, satisfaction, acceptance, and increased demand; and (5) economic advantages. The top five ethical arguments against engagement in online psychotherapy were (1) privacy, confidentiality, and security issues; (2) therapist competence and need for special training; (3) communication issues specific to technology; (4) research gaps; and (5) emergency issues.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings may be of help to practitioners in deciding whether to engage in online psychotherapy, and in informing patients about risks and benefits, improving ethical guidelines, and stimulating further ethical discussion. The findings are argumentative and qualitative in nature, and further quantitative research is needed. - ArticleChhabra A.Front Immunol. 2017;8:993.Donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer opportunities for personalized cell replacement therapeutic approaches due to their unlimited self-renewal potential and ability to differentiate into different somatic cells. A significant progress has been made toward generating iPSC lines that are free of integrating viral vectors, development of xeno-free culture conditions, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into functional somatic cell lineages. Since donor-specific iPSC lines are genetically identical to the individual, they are expected to be immunologically matched and these iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives are not expected to be immunologically rejected. However, studies in mouse models, utilizing rejection of teratomas as a model, have claimed that syngenic iPSC lines, especially the iPSC lines derived with integrating viral vectors, could be inherently immunogenic. This manuscript reviews current understanding of inherent immunogenicity of PSC lines, especially that of the human iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives, and strategies to overcome it.
- ArticleYoon NA, Diano S.Diabetologia. 2021 05;64(5):985-993.Chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, have become a major global health threat of the twenty-first century. Maintaining glucose homeostasis is essential for survival in mammals. Complex and highly coordinated interactions between glucose-sensing mechanisms and multiple effector systems are essential for controlling glucose levels in the blood. The central nervous system (CNS) plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Growing evidence indicates that disruption of glucose sensing in selective CNS areas, such as the hypothalamus, is closely interlinked with the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying intracellular mechanisms of glucose sensing in the hypothalamus remain elusive. Here, we review the current literature on hypothalamic glucose-sensing mechanisms and discuss the impact of alterations of these mechanisms on the pathogenesis of diabetes.
- ArticleElsharkawi M, Ghoneim B, Westby D, Jones D, Tawfick W, Walsh SR.Vascular. 2023 Oct;31(5):989-993.OBJECTIVES: Few studies have reported on the safety and durability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to support healing in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLU). To establish if there is any evidence to support ADSC use in VLU patients, a systematic review was conducted.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant papers. References from retrieved papers were reviewed to identify any extra eligible studies.
RESULTS: After duplicate removal, 950 papers were screened for eligibility of which 932 were excluded based on title and abstract. Four papers were included in the final analysis (one randomised study and three non-randomised studies). 66 patients in total received ADSCs for VLU treatment. The only randomised paper reported 6-month healing rates of 75% with ADSCs compared to 50% in controls. 100% healing was achieved in one study. The remaining 2 studies reported 25% and 58% healing; however, they included patients with relatively large VLUs. Pain scores decreased after ADSCs application where reported. No serious procedure related complications were reported.
CONCLUSION: ADSCs may enhance ulcer healing in patients with chronic VLU and appears safe based on initial reports. Large, randomised trials are needed to definitively establish the technique's role in VLU patients. - ArticleLammers MJ, Venekamp RP, Grolman W, van der Heijden GJ.Laryngoscope. 2014 Apr;124(4):993-9.OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the effectiveness of simultaneous versus sequential bilateral cochlear implantation on postoperative outcomes in children with bilateral deafness and to evaluate the impact of the inter-implant interval and age at second implantation on postoperative outcomes in children who already received their first cochlear implant.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
REVIEW METHODS: All studies comparing the effects of simultaneous with sequential bilateral cochlear implantation on postoperative outcomes and those evaluating the impact of the inter-implant interval and age at second implantation were retrieved.
RESULTS: Four studies compared the effects of simultaneous with sequential bilateral cochlear implantation. All studies lacked randomization. Of these, three reported better speech perception and expressive language development at one year of bilateral experience for simultaneous cochlear implantation. Of the nineteen publications on the impact of the inter-implant interval on postoperative outcomes, the risk of bias was low-moderate for seven studies which were derived from five different study populations. In two of these populations no impact of the inter-implant interval was found, while in three a longer inter-implant interval was associated with poorer speech and language development.
CONCLUSION: Observational studies suggest that simultaneous implantation in children may be associated with improved speech and language development, and that a prolonged inter-implant interval between both implantations may have a negative impact on these postoperative outcomes. Randomized trials are, however, needed to demonstrate whether simultaneous implantation indeed is superior to sequential bilateral implantation in children with bilateral deafness.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA. - ArticleJanssen LMM, Drost RMWA, Paulus ATG, Garfield K, Hollingworth W, Noble S, Thorn JC, Pokhilenko I, Evers SMAA.Pharmacoeconomics. 2021 09;39(9):983-993.BACKGROUND: While the methods for conducting health economics research in general are improving, current guidelines provide limited guidance regarding resource use measurement (RUM). Consequently, a variety of methods exists, yet there is no overview of aspects to consider when deciding on the most appropriate RUM methodology. Therefore, this study aims to (1) identify and categorize existing knowledge regarding aspects of RUM, and (2) develop a framework that provides a comprehensive overview of methodological aspects regarding RUM.
METHODS: Relevant articles were identified by enrolling a search string in six databases and handsearching the DIRUM database. Included articles were descriptively reviewed and served as input for a comprehensive framework. Health economics experts were involved during the process to establish the framework's face validity.
RESULTS: Forty articles were included in the scoping review. The RUM framework consists of four methodological RUM domains: 'Whom to measure', addressing whom to ask and whom to measure; 'How to measure', addressing the different approaches of measurement; 'How often to measure', addressing recall period and measurement patterns; and 'Additional considerations', which covers additional aspects that are essential for further refining the methodologies for measurement. Evidence retrieved from the scoping review was categorized according to these domains.
CONCLUSION: This study clustered the aspects of RUM methodology in health economics into a comprehensive framework. The results may guide health economists in their decision making regarding the selection of appropriate RUM methods and developing instruments for RUM. Furthermore, policy makers may use these findings to review study results from an evidence-based perspective. - ArticleHildebrand N, Verkoulen K, Dewulf M, Heise D, Ulmer F, Coolsen M.HPB (Oxford). 2021 07;23(7):984-993.BACKGROUND AND AIM: Favorable outcomes of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) over open hepatectomy (OH) have been demonstrated. LH offers less postoperative morbidity, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay, while maintaining oncological safety. Only limited evidence about outcomes of LH in elderly is currently available. Therefore, this study aimed to compare short term outcomes of LH to OH for patients >65 years.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to Cochrane guidelines. Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were included if they compared LH to OH, and focused on an elderly population, or had a majority of patients >65 years. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Thirteen studies with 1174 patients (LH:532, OH:642) were included for analysis. When compared to OH, elderly undergoing LH had significantly less postoperative complications (risk ratio [RR]0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.43-0.63), less blood loss (mean difference [MD]-198.58; 95% CI:-299.88 to -97.28), and shorter length of stay (MD-4.83; 95%CI:-7.91 to -1.84), while oncological safety was non-inferior (RR1.04; 95%CI:1.00-1.08).
CONCLUSIONS: Within the elderly population LH seems to be superior to OH, concerning short-term outcomes. However, for broader applicability more trials are needed including more difficult and major resections. - ArticleSchulz A, Vögele C.Front Psychol. 2015;6:993.Afferent neural signals are continuously transmitted from visceral organs to the brain. Interoception refers to the processing of visceral-afferent neural signals by the central nervous system, which can finally result in the conscious perception of bodily processes. Interoception can, therefore, be described as a prominent example of information processing on the ascending branch of the brain-body axis. Stress responses involve a complex neuro-behavioral cascade, which is elicited when the organism is confronted with a potentially harmful stimulus. As this stress cascade comprises a range of neural and endocrine pathways, stress can be conceptualized as a communication process on the descending branch of the brain-body axis. Interoception and stress are, therefore, associated via the bi-directional transmission of information on the brain-body axis. It could be argued that excessive and/or enduring activation (e.g., by acute or chronic stress) of neural circuits, which are responsible for successful communication on the brain-body axis, induces malfunction and dysregulation of these information processes. As a consequence, interoceptive signal processing may be altered, resulting in physical symptoms contributing to the development and/or maintenance of body-related mental disorders, which are associated with stress. In the current paper, we summarize findings on psychobiological processes underlying acute and chronic stress and their interaction with interoception. While focusing on the role of the physiological stress axes (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and autonomic nervous system), psychological factors in acute and chronic stress are also discussed. We propose a positive feedback model involving stress (in particular early life or chronic stress, as well as major adverse events), the dysregulation of physiological stress axes, altered perception of bodily sensations, and the generation of physical symptoms, which may in turn facilitate stress.
- ArticleBhutani MS.Endoscopy. 2011 Nov;43(11):993-9.Presentations at this year's Digestive Disease Week (DWW; 7-10 May, 2011; Chicago, Illinois, USA) reflected a very active year for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). There were numerous abstracts on EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy to improve tissue acquisition, improve diagnostic accuracy, and indeed go beyond routine cytology and tissue diagnosis. EUS-guided therapy including drainage, anastomoses, injection of therapeutic agents, and ablation were other common themes with a lot of new information presented, much of which was obtained from randomized trials. This review discusses in detail some of the abstracts that followed a common theme. Additional interesting abstracts on this topic are listed at the end of the review.
- ArticleComplete mesocolic excision for right hemicolectomy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.De Lange G, Davies J, Toso C, Meurette G, Ris F, Meyer J.Tech Coloproctol. 2023 11;27(11):979-993.PURPOSE: Complete mesocolic excision improves lymphadenectomy for right hemicolectomy and respects the embryological planes. However, its effect on cancer-free and overall survival is questioned. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential benefits of the technique by performing a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the available evidence.
METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Embase were searched on February 22, 2023. Original studies on short- and long-term oncological outcomes of adult patients undergoing right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision as a treatment for primary colon cancer were considered for inclusion. Outcomes were extracted and pooled using a model with random effects.
RESULTS: A total of 586 publications were identified through database searching, and 18 from citation searching. Exclusion of 552 articles left 24 articles for inclusion. Meta-analysis showed that complete mesocolic excision increased the lymph node harvest (5 studies, 1479 patients, MD 9.62, 95% CI 5.83-13.41, p > 0.0001, I2 84%), 5-year overall survival (5 studies, 2381 patients, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.14-3.09, p = 0.01, I2 66%), 5-year disease-free survival (4 studies, 1376 patients, OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.51-3.23, p < 0.0001, I2 0%) and decreased the incidence of local recurrence (4 studies, 818 patients, OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.79, p = 0.02, I2 0%) when compared to standard right hemicolectomy. Perioperative morbidity was similar between the techniques (8 studies, 3899 patients, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.89-1.22, p = 0.97, I2 0%).
CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis of observational and randomised studies showed that right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision for primary right colon cancer improves oncologic results without increasing morbidity/mortality. These results need to be confirmed by high-quality evidence and randomised trials in selected patients to assess who may benefit from the procedure. - ArticleThompson DN.Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:993-7.Acute myelopathy in the pediatric population is rare and the clinical presentation is frequently nonspecific, particularly in the younger child; as a result there is a very real risk of missed or delayed diagnosis. If, on the basis of clinical history and detailed examination, there is a possibility of acute spinal cord compression then specialist opinion should be sought to ensure that urgent and appropriate investigations are undertaken in an effort to establish a diagnosis and embark upon treatment. Clearly the management algorithm will be different for acute myelopathy of tumoral origin compared with trauma and so an understanding of the principles of each will enable the nonspecialist to instigate a coordinated management plan. Good functional outcome depends on early treatment to relieve any compressive pathology.
- ArticleIanni A, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Braun T, Vaquero A.Oncogene. 2024 Mar;43(14):993-1006.The Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations and stress stimuli, operating at both genomic and metabolic levels. Within this family, SIRT7 emerges as a versatile player in tumorigenesis, displaying both pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner. While other sirtuins, such as SIRT1 and SIRT6, exhibit a similar dual role in cancer, SIRT7 stands out due to distinctive attributes that sharply distinguish it from other family members. Among these are a unique key role in regulation of nucleolar functions, a close functional relationship with RNA metabolism and processing -exceptional among sirtuins- and a complex multienzymatic nature, which provides a diverse range of molecular targets. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of SIRT7 in various malignancies, placing particular emphasis on the intricate molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to either stimulate or counteract tumorigenesis. Additionally, it delves into the unique features of SIRT7, discussing their potential and specific implications in tumor initiation and progression, underscoring the promising avenue of targeting SIRT7 for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies.
- ArticleSaini S, Gulati N, Awasthi R, Arora V, Singh SK, Kumar S, Gupta G, Dua K, Pahwa R, Dureja H.Curr Drug Deliv. 2024;21(7):993-1009.When breast cells divide and multiply out of control, it is called breast cancer. Symptoms include lump formation in the breast, a change in the texture or color of the breast, or a discharge from the nipple. Local or systemic therapy is frequently used to treat breast cancer. Surgical and radiation procedures limited to the affected area are examples of local management. There has been significant worldwide progress in the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) since 1986, when the first therapeutic mAb, Orthoclone OKT3, became commercially available. mAbs can resist the expansion of cancer cells by inducing the destruction of cellular membranes, blocking immune system inhibitors, and preventing the formation of new blood vessels. mAbs can also target growth factor receptors. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and its microenvironment is crucial for developing effective targeted cancer therapeutics. Due to their unique properties, mAbs have a wide range of clinical applications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are drugs that improve the therapeutic index by combining an antigen-specific antibody with a payload. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications, mechanistic insights, characteristics, safety aspects, and adverse events of mAbs like trastuzumab, bevacizumab, pertuzumab, ertumaxomab, and atezolizumab in breast cancer treatment. The creation of novel technologies utilizing modified antibodies, such as fragments, conjugates, and multi-specific antibodies, must be a central focus of future studies. This review will help scientists working on developing mAbs to treat cancers more effectively.
- ArticleRiaz IB, Zahid U, Kamal MU, Husnain M, McBride A, Hua A, Hamadani AA, George L, Zeeshan A, Sipra QR, Raina A, Rahman B, Puvvada S, Anwer F.Immunotherapy. 2017 09;9(12):979-993.Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells targeting CD19 and CD20 have shown activity in Phase I, II trials of patients with hematological malignancies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published clinical trials studying the role of efficacy as well as safety of CD-19 and CD-20 chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy for B-cell hematologic malignancies. A total of 16 studies with 195 patients were identified. The pooled analysis showed an overall response rate of 61% (118/195) with complete response of 42% (81/195) and partial response of 19% (37/195). Major adverse events were cytokine release syndrome 33%, neurotoxicity 33% and B-cell aplasia 54%. Collectively, the results indicate encouraging response in relapsed/refractory B lymphoma and leukemia, especially in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.